August 2003 - have debated carbon dioxide's role in global warming for over a decade, with most voices (though notably fewer within the US) calling it the biggest factor, while others call it negligible. [1] Occupation of Iraq: Americann and Iraqi officials are discussing the possibility of forming a large Iraqi militia or paramilitary force to help improve security in the country. [1] Terrorist: Terrorism group Jemaah Islamiyah has schemes, revealed in a 40-page manifesto (the Pupji book or General Guide to the Struggle of Jemaah Islamiyah), for a suicide bombing campaign designed to change Asia and the Pacific region into Islamic provinces. Jemaah Islamiyah is also shown to be a well-formed organization with a constitution, rules of operation, and leadership structure. [1] Afghanistan: Soldiers are killed in a remote region (near the town.
List of poets - (born 1954), poet Etheridge Knight, poet Fran Kobal, (1881-1937), poet Josip Kobal, (1870-1888), poet Andrej Kocbek, poet Edvard Kocbek, (1904-1981), poet Matjaz Kocbek, (born 1946), poet Jan Kochanowski, (born 1530), poet Kenneth Koch (NY Poet school) Anton Koder, (1851-1918), poet Andrej Kokot, (born 1936), poet Miklavz Komelj, (born 1970), poet Yusef Komunyakaa, (born 1948), poet, Pultizer Prize recipient, (Dien Cai Dau, Neon Vernacular, etc.) Faik Konica, poet Ted Kooser, poet Sonja Koranter, (born 1948), poet Barbara Korun, poet Jovan Koseski, (1798-1884), poet France Kosmac, (1922-1974), poet, film director, publicist. Srecko Kosovel, (1904-1926), poet Miroslav Kosuta, (born 1936), poet Vladimir Kos, (born 1924), poet Jure Kovic, poet Kajetan Kovic, (born 1931), poet Barbara Kozak, poet Lojze Krakar, (1929-1995), poet Taja Kramberger, (born 1970), poet Ruth Krauss, poet Marko Kravos, (born 1943), poet.
Almoravides - Islam did not go much beyond the formula of the creed---"there is no god but God, and Muhammad is the apostle of God,"--and they were ignorant of the traditions of Hadith, or Islamic law. About the year 1040 or a little earlier, one of their chiefs, Yahya ibn Ibrahim, made the pilgrimage to Mecca. On his way home he attended the teachers of the mosque at Kairouan, in Tunisia, who soon learnt from him that his people knew little of the religion they were supposed to profess, and that though his will was good, his own ignorance was great. By the good offices of the theologians of Kairawan, one of whom was from Fez, Yahya was provided with a missionary, 'Abd-Allah ibn Yazin, a zealous partisan of the Malikis, one of.
Temple Mount - destruction of both temples, five hundred years apart, were central points in Jewish history. Religious Jews have prayed from the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem for the last 2,000 years. The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall, is the one remaining wall of the Temple Mount. For all practical purposes this wall is the holiest site in Judaism. Many Jews pray there, and often leave written prayers addressed to God in the cracks of the wall. Aerial view of Temple Mount, with the dome of the rock in the center and the Al Aqsa Mosque on the upper left of the compound After the Muslim conquest of this region, the Temple Mount became known to Muslims as al-Harm al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary). Islam regards the Noble Sanctuary (Temple.
Table of Chinese monarchs - in the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms had tiresome posthumous names consisted of 10 to 20 Chinese characters. Why bother quoting them while only clear referencing is needed. Xia Dynasty Sovereigns of Xia Dynasty Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號) Convention: posthumous name Note: 1) all dates are approximate until the Duumvirate when first accurate dating of Chinese history began. Refer to Zhou dynasty for more info. Yu禹 yu3 or Xia Yu夏禹 xia4 yu3 or Da Yu大禹 da4 yu3 Qi啟 qi3 Tai Kang太康 tai4 kang1 Zhong Kang仲康 zhong4 kang1 Xiang相 xiang4 Shao Kang少康 shao4 kang1 or Xia Shao Kang夏少康 xia4 shao4 kang1 Zhu杼 zhu4 Huai槐 huai2 Mang芒 mang2 Xie泄 xie4 Bu Jiang不降 bu4 jiang4 Jiong扃 jiong1 Jin廑 ( Putonghua: jin3 or Guoyu: jin4 ) Kong Jia孔甲 kong3 jia3 Gao皋.
Mohism - and Legalism (Hundred Schools of Thought). It disappeared during the Qin dynasty. Mocius's philosophy was described in the book Mo Tse (墨子), compiled by his students from lecture notes. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Morality in Mohism 2 Individual relations in Mohism 3 Political and military systems in Mohism 4 Mysticism in Mohism 5 Arts in Mohism 6 The Logicians School Morality in Mohism In Mohism, morality is not defined by tradition, but rather by a constant moral guide that parallels utilitarianism. Traditionalism is inconsistent, and man-kind need an extra-traditional guide to identify which traditions are acceptable. The moral guide must then promote and encourage social behaviors that maximise general utility. Individual relations in Mohism Mohism promotes a philosophy of universal love, i.e. an equal affection for all individuals. This universal.
Afghanistan timeline March 16-31, 2003 - bombs. Fighters launched rockets at an air base housing U.S and Afghan forces near Jalalabad, but there were no casualties. Afghanistan's government set up a special bank account to channel money for humanitarian aid to Iraq and urged wealthy Afghans to contribute to it. Money from the account, which was opened at the central bank in Kabul, would be delivered to the Iraqi people later by the U.N special envoy to Afghanistan, Lakhdar Brahimi. Some 600 Afghan soldiers were sent to Sangisakh Shaila, 75 kilometers (50 miles) north of Kandahar, to take on the suspected Taliban fighters. U.S helicopters and an aircraft were used in the operation. March 28, 2003 The U.N. Security Council voted unanimously to extend the U.N. assistance mission in Afghanistan for another year, enough time to see.
Afghanistan timeline July 2003 - the mandate of the International Security Assistance Force to other key Afghan cities in order to create a better environment for the elections slated in the summer of 2004. After a gun battle south of Kandahar, Afghanistan, Afghan security forces killed one suspected Taliban member and arrested five others. July 30, 2003 U.S General Richard Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said in an interview that the largest threat to Afghanistan's new government comes from across the border of Pakistan. In Nakhohni, five miles south of Kandahar, Afghanistan, two gunmen on a motorcycle shot and killed Mullah Jinab, a member of the Ulema Shoora, as he was coming out of a local mosque after evening prayers. July 29, 2003 The UNHCR announced that, with its support, more than 300,000.
Islam and anti-Semitism - against them." Views based on the Quran Using verses from the Quran, some Muslims hold that, although a Muslim must be friendly with Jews and Christians, one should avoid befriending or initializing a friendship with them. This view is still held by many Muslims today. However, Muslims do consider Judaism as one of the divine faiths; a great number of their prophets are of the Bani-Israel tribe: "We gave him Isaac, and Jacob: all We guided and before him, We guided Noah, and among his progeny David, Solomon, Ayub, Joseph, Moses, and Aaron :Thus do We reward those who do good. And Zakariya and Yahya, and Jesus and Elias: all in the ranks of righteous. And Isma'il and Elisha and Jonah (Yunus) and Lut. And to all we gave favour above.
History of Ottoman Egypt - two offices, those of Sheik al-Balad and Amir al-~ajj, which were held by these persons, represented the real headship of the community. The process by which this state of affairs came about is somewhat obscure, owing to the want of good chronicles for the Turkish period of Egyptian history. In 1707 the Sheik al-Balad, Qgsim Iywaz, is found at the head of one of two Mameluke factions, the Qasimites and the Fiqarites, between whom the seeds of enmity were sown by the pasha of the time, with the result that a fight took place between the factions outside Cairo, lasting eighty days. At the end of that time Qasim Iyw~z was killed and the office which he had held was given to his son Ismail. Ismail held this office for sixteen.
Fleeming Jenkin - steamer; and, meeting with 600 fathoms of water when twenty- five miles from land, the cable ran out so fast that a tangled skein came up out of the hold, and the line had to be severed. Having only 150 miles on board to span the whole distance of 140 miles, he grappled the lost cable near the shore, raised it, and 'under-run' or passed it over the ship, for some twenty miles, then cut it, leaving the seaward end on the bottom. He then spliced the ship's cable to the shoreward end and resumed paying-out; but after seventy miles in all were laid, another rapid rush of cable took place, and Brett was obliged to cut and abandon the line. Another attempt was made the following year, but with no.
Ethics in religion - the New Testament. Jewish ethics Jewish ethics is based on the fundamental concepts of Judaism, which holds that ethical duties of all mankind can be derived from the Hebrew Bible. The starting point is the belief in the unity and holiness of God, in whose image man was created. This section has its own article, Jewish ethics. Ethics in the Apocrypha Ethics in systematic form, and apart from religious belief, is as little found in apocryphal or Judæo-Hellenistic literature as in the Bible. However, Greek philosophy greatly influenced Alexandrian writers such as the authors of IV Maccabees, the Book of Wisdom, and Philo. Much progress in theoretical ethics came as Jews came into closer contact with the Hellenic world. Before that period the Wisdom literature shows a tendency to dwell solely.
December 2003 - Chinese city of Chongqing. Over 100 people are believed dead and up to 40,000 people have been evacuated from the area surrounding the leak. [1] A Boeing 727 of United Transit Airlines originating in the Guinean capital, Conakry, stopping in Freetown, Sierra Leone, and bound for Beirut, clips a building during takeoff and crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off Benin. Over 100 people die, most of them Lebanese. [1] December 24, 2003 An explosion occurs at Baghdad's Sheraton hotel, probably caused by a rocket-propelled grenade. [1] Following the detection of BSE in a Washington State cow, several countries (including Japan, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong) announce a ban on the importation of U.S beef. [1] [1] Three Air France flights from Paris to Los Angeles are canceled due to security.
Afghanistan timeline January 17-31, 2002 - Coats, the assistant director for monetary and exchange affairs of the International Monetary Fund said the IMF might advise Afghanistan to temporarily use the U.S. dollar instead of its afghani, the volatile, often-faked currency. Until January 2002, Afghanistan had less than $150,000 of reserves. 370 refugees, mostly from Afghanistan, were on hunger strike at Woomera, Australia. Dozens had sewn their lips together. They were demanding that the government speed up their asylum claims and move them out of Woomera. U.S and Afghan troops surrounded Kandahar's Mir Wais Hospital before dawn and traded fire with fighters inside for hours. The troops eventually hurled grenades through the hospital windows to launch a final assault, killing all six of the fighters. Fourteen soldiers from the U.S 101st Airborne Division were injured in a crash.
Afghanistan timeline March 1-15, 2003 - of plotting terror attacks. Police also seized arms, explosives, land mines and documents. In Kabul, Finance Minister Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai presented donor countries with the government's US$550 million budget for this year and said the international community needed to pay for more than half of it. Afghanistan itself planned to to come up with US$200 million, double the amount it raised for for the previous budget. Afghainstan received pledges of millions of dollars, but US$350 million more were needed to meet their new budget. In Lashkar Gah, Afghanistan, a remote-controlled bomb hidden beneath a cart outside a mosque exploded, wounding three people. Six Afghan agencies signed an agreement with the U.N Mine Action Program for Afghanistan to share US$7.5 million of U.S aid to clear land mines along roads and at.
Afghanistan timeline June 2003 - no casualties. One of the rockets landed near a UNICEF office. The Niswan Girls' School opened in Gardez in Paktia province, Afghanistan for some 800 students. The school was funded with help from a $12,000 grant from the U.S military. During evening prayers, a remote-control bomb exploded in a mosque in Kandahar, Afghanistan, wounding 17 people. Pakistani troops, patrolling a village along the Afghan-Pakistan border, came under fire from Afghan rebels. Afghan Interior Minister Ali Ahmad Jalali that Iran was ready to help the Afghan government construct a number of police stations on the Iran-Afghanistan joint border in order to curb the illicit trade in drugs as well as protect border security forces. June 29, 2003 In Prague, the International Olympic Committee lifted the competition suspension on Afghanistan, clearing the way.
Anti-Defamation League - a period of decades they created thousands of files, mostly containing newspaper, magazine and journal clippings, as well as many books, on groups that the ADL considered anti-Semitic or potentially anti-Semitic. One of its researchers was Roy Bullock, who often wrote letters to various groups and forwarded copies of their replies to the ADL, and he also maintained his own personal files on his computer. In the early 1990s U.S. Representative Pete McCloskey (Republican, Californian) filed a class-action lawsuit in San Francisco Superior Court against the ADL. He claimed that information gathered about him, and others, was an invasion of privacy. The ADL countered that like any researcher or journalist, they are entitled to research organizations and individuals. The ADL gained some support from Richard Cohen, legal director of the Southern.
Sultanate of Sulu - for helping settle a civil war dispute against Pengeran Bongsu Muhyuddin May 6,1662 - According to records, Manila governor-general Sabiniano Manrique de Lara issued an evacuation order for Real Fuerza de San Jose in Bagumbayan and called all troops to reinforce May Nilad for an imminent attack by Chinese pirate Cheng Ch=eng-kung (Koxinga), but the truth of the matter was they were driven away by Sulu warriors during these previous years and allowing the forces of Kudarat to sequester it in 1663 - Friction between the ruling royalties of Brunei and Sulu led Camucones Badjaos to shift their loyalty to the Sultan of Sulu [Kho] H.R.H. Sultans Sahab ud-Din & Mustafa Shafi’ ud-Din (1663-1704) 1663-1718 - According to historian C.A. Majul, this is a Period of Interrregnum in which Manila Spanish.
Music of Egypt - strong improvisatory and rhythmic components. The base rhythm of Arabic music is the maqamat, which is formed by dum (downbeats), tak (upbeats) and rests. Arabic music uses microtones, or notes not present in the formal musical scale (half-flats and half-sharps). Arabic tones are divided into thirds, which makes their sound inherently different from most other musical traditions. In Egypt, religious music is frowned upon, but still common in Muslim celebrations called mulids. Mulids are held to celebrate the saint of a particular mosque, and is related to the Sufi zikr ritual. A type of flute called the nay is commonly played at mulids. Modern pop and folk traditions Egyptian music began its recorded history in the 1910s, at the same time as composers like Sayed Darwish's first mixtures of traditional Egyptian.
Knights Templar - of Jerusalem maintain itself against its defeated Muslim neighbors, and to ensure the safety of the large numbers of European pilgrims that flowed towards Jerusalem after its conquest. Their name alludes to their historical headquarters in the Mosque of Omar (a.k.a. "Dome of the Rock") on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. This they renamed Templum Domini. Represented on one of their seals, the structure was believed to be a remnant of the Temple of Jerusalem, and was the model for many Templar churches in Europe, for example the Temple church, London. See also Raphael's painting The Marriage of the Virgin on show in the Brera Gallery, Milan. The Templars were organized as a monastic order, following a rule created for them by Bernard of Clairvaux, the founder of the Cistercian Order..
