Jerome - Greek and Hebrew into Latin. Jerome's edition, the Vulgate, is still the official biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church. He is recognized by the Vatican as a Doctor of the Church. He was born at Stridon, on the border between Pannonia and Dalmatia, in the second quarter of the fourth century, and died near Bethlehem Sept. 30, 420. Jerome is a name shared across the European languages in remarkably unintuitive forms: Hieronymus (Latin) = Jerome (English, and with diacritical marks, French) = Girolamo (Italian) = Geronimo (Spanish) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Life 2 Writings 2.1 Translations 2.2 Historical Writings 2.3 Letters 2.4 Theological Writings 3 Theological Position Life Jerome was born to Christian parents, but was not baptized until about 360, when he had gone to Rome with his.
Great Apostasy - 2.1 Temptations of power 2.2 The dangers of theology 2.3 Compromise with natural religion 2.4 Descent into true apostasy 2.5 The end result 2.6 "Roman Apostasy" less commonly, or differently, taught today 3 Anglicans and Episcopalians 4 Anabaptists 4.7 Christians in Military Service and Political Office 5 Adventists 6 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 7 Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy 7.8 Catholic view of history 7.9 Worldly ambitions 7.10 Theological dangers 7.11 Natural or Popular Religion 8 References Non-Catholic view of history All non-Catholic and non-Orthodox Christian denominations have formally taught that at some point in history, the original teachings and practices of the primitive or original Christian church were greatly altered. All of these denominations see their teachings as significant corrections of the errors of the Catholic and.
Antiochian Orthodox Church - Antiochian Orthodox Church The Antiochian Orthodox Church is one of the five churches that comprised the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church before the Great Schism, and today is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches. Its North American branch is autonomous, i.e., although the Patriarch of Antioch appoints its head bishop, he exercises no further authority over it. The seat of the patriarchate was formerly Antioch, in what is now Turkey, but is now Damascus, Syria..
Greek Orthodox Church - Greek Orthodox Church The term Greek Orthodox Church can refer either to the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, headed by the Patriarch of Constantinople, who is also the "first among equals" of the Eastern Orthodox Communion, or to the Church of Greece, which has been autocephalous since 1833. Both churches are members of the Eastern Orthodox Communion and therefore in full communion with each other. Greek Orthodox churches in the Americas and Australia are subject to the Constantinopolitan hierarchy. (These should not be confused with the Orthodox Church in America, which is one of the 16 autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, having been granted autocephaly in 1970 by the Patriarch of Moscow.) Other Orthodox churches that use Greek liturgy are sometimes called Greek Orthodox, including: Orthodox Church of Alexandria.
Eastern Orthodox Church - Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church is a communion comprising the collective body of sixteen separate autocephalous hierarchical churches that recognize each other as "canonical" Orthodox Christian churches. The head of the communion is the Patriarch of Constantinople, who is also head of one of the sixteen churches. The sixteen organizations are in full communion with each other, so any priest of any of those churches may lawfully minister to any member of any of them, and no member of any is excluded from any form of worship in any of the others. Despite the fact that, like the Roman Catholic church, they are "closed communion" churches, i.e. with rare exceptions excluding non-members from receiving the Eucharist, nonetheless they admit each other's members to that sacrament..
Cypriot Orthodox Church - Cypriot Orthodox Church The ancient Cypriot Orthodox Church is one of the sixteen independent ('autocephalous') Eastern Orthodox churches, which are in communion and in doctrinal agreement with one another but not all subject to one patriarch. The bishop of the capital, Salamis (Constantia), was constituted metropolitan by Emperor Zeno, with the title of archbishop. This independent position by ancient custom was recognized, against the claims of the Patriarch of Antioch, at the Council of Ephesus (431 CE), and by an edict of the Byzantine emperor Zeno. The church had sent a cogent argument on its own behalf to the Emperor, the alleged body of its reputed founder Barnabas, just then having been most opportunely discovered at Salamis. Its independence was confirmed by the Trullan Synod in Constantinople,.
Syrian Orthodox Church - Syrian Orthodox Church The Syrian Orthodox or Jacobite church is an autocephalous Christian church of Syria, Iraq, and India, recognizing the Syrian Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch as its spiritual head. It is regarded by Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox as heretical (because of the Monophysite beliefs), but is in communion with the Coptic Church and other Oriental Orthodox churches. There is also a schismatic Jacobite group called the Syrian Catholic Church that has entered into communion with the Roman Catholic Church and is one of the Eastern Rites. The church broke from the Orthodox Church of Antioch in the sixth century, after the Council of Chalcedon condemed its Monophysite teachings. It was established by Jacob Baradaeus, helped by Empress Theodora; however, Jacobite tradition traces their origin directly.
Western Orthodox Church - Western Orthodox Church For centuries, there have been autonomous Eastern-Rite Catholic churches, i.e., hierarchical churches in full communion with the Vatican, but which the Pope allows to follow customs and rules like those of the Eastern Orthodox Church, (e.g., they confirm newly baptized infants via chrismation, they have married priests, their churches have iconostases, etc.). Similarly, there are also Western Orthodox churches (or Western-Rite Orthodox churches) that are in full communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church, but whose practices resemble those of Anglicans (e.g., Episcopalians). However, they are neither an autocephalous nor fully autonomous, but report ultimately to the Patriarch of Antioch..
Eastern Orthodoxy - Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodox Christianity (or "Eastern Orthodoxy") refers primarily to church traditions descending from the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Introduction 2 History 2.1 The Church within the Empire 2.2 Muslim Conquest and Iconoclasm 2.3 Conversion of the Slavs 2.4 Divisons from the West 2.4.1 Orthodoxy and the Reformation 3 Structure / Organization 3.5 Bishops, priests and deacons 3.6 Church Jurisdictions 3.6.2 Orthodoxy in North America 4 Theology 4.7 General flavor and phronema 4.8 Asceticism and Theosis 4.8.3 Mystery of Repentance 4.8.4 Mystery of the Eucharist 4.8.5 Fasting 4.8.6 Almsgiving 4.9 Eastern Orthodox churches 4.9.7 Autocephalous churches 4.9.8 Autonomous Churches 4.9.9 Churches with ambiguous status 4.9.10 Churches that have voluntarily "walled themselves off" 5 Related Articles 6 External Links Introduction The church of.
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)—widely known as the "Mormon Church" to the chagrin of the LDS Church and many of its members who are often referred to as "Mormons" although they prefer the term "Latter-day Saints" (LDS)—is a Christian denomination headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. Some of its doctrines and practices are unique among Christian denominationss such as Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and the thousands of Protestant denominations. Consequently, many Christians do not consider the LDS Church to be Christian. See Christianity and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Joseph Smith, Jr and five associates incorporated the Church on April 6, 1830, in Palmyra, New York. It has since grown to a.
Separation of church and state - Separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a concept in law wherein the functions of state or national government are kept separate from those of religion. It has long been a topic of political debate. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Motivations 2 Secularism and theocracy 3 Enactment 4 Countries with stable separation 4.1 France 4.2 United Kingdom 4.3 Germany 4.4 Sweden 4.5 United States of America 4.5.1 Controversies regarding separation in the United States 4.6 Other countries 5 Countries with stable state churches 5.7 Finland 6 Countries in flux 6.8 Russia 7 Religious believers who want separation 8 Believers against separation 9 Non-believers who favor legal separation 10 References 10.9 World views on separation 10.10 American court battles over separation 10.11 American.
Ignatius of Antioch - Ignatius of Antioch Ignatius of Antioch (died AD 107) was the third bishop of Antioch, succeeding Euodius around 68. Ignatius was most likely a disciple of both Apostles Peter and John. Several of his letters have survived to this day; he is generally considered to be one of early Church Fathers, and a saint by both the Catholic, who celebrate his feast day on February 1, and the Orthodox churches, who celebrate his feast day on October 17. He was arrested by the Roman authorities and transported to Rome to die in the arena. They hoped to make an example of him and thus discourage Christianity from spreading. Instead, he met with and encouraged Christians all along his route, and wrote letters to the Ephesians, Magnesians, Trallians,.
Flavian II of Antioch - Flavian II of Antioch Flavian II of Antioch (d. 518), bishop or patriarch of Antioch, was chosen by the emperor Anastasius I to succeed Palladius, most probably in 498. He endeavoured to please both parties by steering a middle course in reference to the Chalcedon decrees, but was induced after great hesitation to agree to the request of Anastasius that he should accept the Henoticon, or decree of union, issued by the emperor Zeno. It brought upon him the anathema of the patriarch of Constantinople. Nevertheless riots broke out in ca 511 between the rival parties in the streets of Antioch and emperor Anastasius I's sympathy of Monophysitism prompted loss of favor in Flavian. A synod was convened in Sidon in 512 by the Monophysites, which resulted in.
Eudoxius of Antioch - Eudoxius of Antioch Eudoxius (d. 370) was the eighth bishop of Constantinople from January 27 360 to 370, previously bishop of Germanicia and of Antioch, and was one of the most influential Arians. Saint Eustathius was bishop of Antioch between 324 and 331. Eudoxius came to him seeking holy orders. Eustathius found his doctrine unsound and refused him. Nevertheless when Eustathius was deposed, the Arians or Eusebians had everything their own way and admitted Eudoxius to orders and made him bishop of Germanicia, on the confines of Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia. This bishopric he held at least 17 years, the dark period of the principal intrigues against Athanasius, and of the reigns of Constantine the Great's sons. In 341 the council of the Dedication or Encaenia was.
Antioch - Antioch The city of Antioch-on-the-Orontes (modern Antakya) is located in modern-day Turkey. It was founded near the end of the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, who made it the capital of his empire in Syria. Seleucus I had served as one of Alexander the Great's generals, and the name Antiochus occurred frequently amongst members of his family. Antioch occupies an important place in the history of Christianity. It was here that Paul preached his first Christian sermon in a synagogue, and here that followers of Jesus Christ were first called Christians (Acts 11:26). As Christianity spread, Antioch became the seat of one of the four original patriarchates, along with Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Rome. Today it remains the seat of a patriarchate of the Roman.
Severus of Antioch - Severus of Antioch Severus, patriarch of Antioch (AD 512 - 519), a native of Sozopolis in Pisidia, by birth and education a pagan, baptized in the martyry of Leontius at Tripolis (Evagr. H. E. iii. 33; Labbe, v. 40, 120). He almost at once openly united himself with the Acephali, repudiating his own baptism and his baptizer, and even the Catholic church itself as infected with Nestorianism (Labbe, u.s.). Upon embracing Monophysite doctrines, he entered a monastery apparently belonging to that sect between Gaza and its port Majuma. Here he met Peter the Iberian, a zealous Eutychian, who had been ordained bishop of Gaza by Theodosius, the Monophysite monk, during his usurpation of the patriarch of Jerusalem. About this time Severus apparently joined a Eutychian brotherhood near.
Syrian Patriarch of Antioch - Syrian Patriarch of Antioch The Patriarch of Antioch is the head of the Syrian Orthodox Church. (For Patriarchs prior to AD 518, see List of Patriarchs of Antioch.) Sergius of Tella 544 - 546 vacant 546 - 550 Paul II the Black of Alexandria 550 - 575 vacant 575 - 581 Peter III of Raqqa 581 - 591 Julian I 591 - 595 Athanasius I Gammolo 595 - 631 John II of the Sedre 631 - 648 Theodore 649 - 667 Severius II bar Masqeh 667 - 681 Athanasius II 683 - 686 Julian II 686 - 708 Elias I 709 - 723 Athanasius III 724 - 740 Iwanis I 740 - 754 Euwanis I 754 - ? Athanasius al-Sandali ? - 758 George I 758 - 790.
Principality of Antioch - Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch was one of the states created during the First Crusade. Foundation While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred of Hauteville headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemund of Taranto led the siege, beginning in October, 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city was almost impenetrable. The siege lasted throughout the winter, with much suffering among the Crusaders, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived. However, Bohemund convinced a guard in one of the towers, a former Christian named Firouz, to let the Crusaders enter the.
Meletius of Antioch - Meletius of Antioch Meletius Of Antioch (d. 381) was a Catholic Patriarch of Antioch from 360 to his death, and saint. He was born at Melitene in Lesser Armenia of wealthy and noble parents. He first appears (c. 357) as a supporter of Acacius, bishop of Caesarea, the leader of that party in the episcopate which supported the Homoean formula by which the emperor Constantius II sought for a compromise between the Homoeusians and the Homousians. Meletius thus makes his debut as an ecclesiastic of the court party, and as such became bishop of Seba~te in succession to Eustathius, deposed as an Homousian heretic by the synod of Melitene. The appointment was resented by the Homoeusian clergy, and Meletius retired to Beroea. According to Socrates Scholasticus he.
List of Patriarchs of Antioch - List of Patriarchs of Antioch The Patriarch of Antioch, is one of the original patriarchs of early Christianity, who were bishops with influence over other sees. List of Patriarchs of Antioch Saint Peter the Apostle c.37 - c.53 Euodius c.53 - c.68 Saint Ignatius c.68 - 107 Hero 107 - c.127 Cornelius c.127 - c.154 Eros c.154 - c.169 Theophilus c.169 - 182 Maximus I 182 - 191 Serapion 191 - 211 Ascelpiades 211 - 220 Philetus 220 - 231 Zebinnus 231 - 237 Saint Babylas 237 - 253 Fabius 253 - 256 Demetrius 256 - 260 Paul of Samosata 260 - 272 Domnus I 268 - 273 Timaeus 273 - 282 Cyril 283 - 303 Tyrannos 304 - 314 Vitalis 314 - 320 Saint Philogonus 320 -.
