List of people by name: Sh - List of people by name: Sh List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Sa-Sb - Sc-Sd - Se - Sf-Sg - Sh - Si-Sj - Sk - Sl - Sm - Sn - So - Sp-Sq - Sr-Ss - St - Su - Sv - Sw-Sx - Sy - Sz Shaara, Michael, (died 1988), author Shabazz, Betty, (born 1936), civil rights leader and wife of Malcolm X Shackleton, Ernest, (1874-1922), explorer Shadbolt, Maurice, author Shaffer, Anthony, (born 1926), dramatist Shaffer,.
Father of the Nation - 'father of the nation' in continuing high respect since their founding, others have adopted and then abandoned some numerous figures throughout their history. Josef Stalin was seen by millions during his period of control in the Soviet Union as the national father-figure, an image augmented deliberately by images released of him in the pose of a father or grandfather patting children on their head. Such was his esteem that a wave of suicides was recorded when his death was announced, with people suggesting that life without Stalin to guide them was unthinkable. Within a few years however, when his successors revealed the truth about Stalin's reign of terror, his popularity plummeted and his body was removed from the mausoleum where it had been laid alongside Lenin. In Ireland, though he remained.
USS Coral Sea (CV-43) - Thanh and Phu Qui. Coral Sea launched three A-6A Intruders and six A-7E Corsair II aircraft loaded with naval mines and one EKA-3B Skywarrior in support of the mining operation directed against the outer approaches to Haiphong Harbor. The mining aircraft departed the vicinity of Coral Sea timed to execute the mining at precisely 0900 local time to coincide with President of the United States Richard M. Nixon's public announcement in Washington that naval mines had been seeded. The Intruder flight led by the CAG, Commander Roger E. Sheets, was composed of United States Marine Corps aircraft from VMA-224 and headed for the inner channel. The Corsairs, led by Commander Leonard E. Giuliani and made up of aircraft from VA-94 and VA-22, were designated to mine the outer segment of the.
Deaths in 2001 - British lawyer and politician September 2001 22 Isaac Stern, 81, Ukrainian violinist. 13 Victor Wong, aged 74, American movie actor and artist. 11 - Barbara Kay Olson, 45, American conservative television commentator, died in terrorist attack on The Pentagon. 11 Casualties from the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack. 9 Ahmed Shah Massoud, Afghani Northern Alliance military commander. 7 Spede Pasanen, Finnish television star. 3 Pauline Kael, 82, American movie critic. 2 Christiaan Barnard, 78, South African heart surgeon, first to perform a human-to-human heart transplant. August 2001 25 Aaliyah, 22, American singer and actress. 20 Fred Hoyle, British astronomer and science fiction writer. 6 Jorge Amado, 88, Brazilian writer. 1 Korey Stringer, 26, American football player. 1 Poul Anderson, American fantasy and Science Fiction author. July 2001 29 Wau Holland, 49,.
1953 - of 652.337 miles-per-hour). May 25 - Nuclear testing: At the Nevada Test Site, the United States conducts its first and only nuclear artillery test. May 29 - Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay perform the first successful ascent to the summit of Mount Everest. June 2 - Coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey. June 17 - Workers Uprising in East Germany. July 26 - Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks sparking the Cuban Revolution. July 27 - Korean War ends: The United States, People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea sign an armistice agreement. August 7 - Ohio admitted to the union, retroactive to 1803. August 19 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh.
List of WOSM members - sex (United States) or race (Israel). World Organization of the Scout Movement Members Country Membership (from 2000 or most recent available info) Name of Member Organization Year Current Scouting Organization joined WOSM Year Member Organization was founded Albania 1,730 Besa Skaut Albania 1999 1922 Algeria 11,120 Scouts Musulmans Algériens 1963 1939 Angola 13,777 Associação de Escuteros de Angola 1998 1998 Argentina 44,981 Scouts de Argentina 1922 1912 Armenia 2,256 Hayastani Azgayin Scautakan Sharjum Kazmakerputiun 1997 1912 Australia 98,084 Scouts Australia 1953 1908 Austria 13,785 Pfadfinder und Pfadfinderinnen Österreichs 1922 1912 Azerbaijan 1,414 Azerbaican Skaut Assosiasiyasi 2000 1997 the Bahamas 729 The Scout Association of the Bahamas 1974 1913 Bahrain 1,820 Boy Scouts of Bahrain 1970 1953 Bangladesh 908,435 Bangladesh Scouts 1974 19 Barbados 3,032 Barbados Boy Scouts Association 1969 1972 Belarus.
Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah This article is part of the History of Afghanistan series. Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan Islamic conquest of Afghanistan Durrani Empire European influence in Afghanistan Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan Democratic Republic of Afghanistan History of Afghanistan since 1992 Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Reign of Mohammed Nadir Shah, 1929-1933 2 Reign of Mohammed Zahir Shah, 1933-1973 2.1 Zahir Shah and His Uncles, 1933-1953 2.2 The Pashtunistan Issue 2.3 Early Links with the Soviet Union 2.4 Experiment with Liberalized Politics 2.5 Daoud as Prime Minister, 1953-1963 2.6 The King Reigns: The Last Decade of the Monarchy, 1963-1973 Reign of Mohammed Nadir Shah, 1929-1933 Mohammed Nadir Shah quickly abolished most.
Karim Shah - Karim Shah From Iranchamber.com : http://www.iranchamber.com/history/zand/zand.php karim Khan Zand -of humble tribal origin- became one of the generals of his predecessor, Nader Shah. In the chaotic aftermath of Nader Shah's assassination in 1747, Karim Khan became a major contender for power but was challenged by several adversaries. Karim Khan gained control of central and southern parts of Iran. In order to add legitimacy to his claim, Karim Khan in 1757 placed on the throne the infant Shah Isma'il III, the grandson of the last official Safavid king. Isma'il was a figurehead king, real power being vested in Karim Khan. He was a compassionate ruler who refused to assume the title of shahanshah (king of kings) but used that of the vakil (regent). By 1760 Karim Khan had.
Shah - Shah Shah (Persian: شاه), from the Avestan word khshatra, meaning "king", is the Persian and Sanskrit term for a monarch and used by the former rulers of Persia (present-day Iran) as well as the rulers of the Persian Empire. The title roughly translates as Emperor in English as the monarch of Persia was technically the Emperor of the Persian Empire (later the Empire of Iran as Iran was officially known until 1979). The last Shah of Iran, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi officially adopted the title Shahanshah (Persian: شاهنشاه) - literary King of Kings or Emperor during his coronation. He also styled his wife Shahbanou (Persian: شهبانو) or Empress (previously the wife of the Iranian monarch was known as Maleke (Persian: ملکه) or Queen). The title was also.
Discrimination against non-Muslims in Iran - Discrimination against non-Muslims in Iran The Constitution of Iran declares that the "official religion of Iran is Islam and the doctrine followed is that of "Ja’fari (Twelver) Shi’ism." The Iranian government restricts freedom of religion. Iran's religious minorities--including Baha’is, Jews, Christians, and Sufi Muslims--reported imprisonment, harassment, and intimidation based on their religious beliefs. At least four Baha’is were among those still imprisoned for reasons related to their faith, while eight Jews remained in prison. Society is accustomed to the presence of non-Muslim communities, some of which predate Islam. However, government actions create a threatening atmosphere for some religious minorities, especially Baha’is, Jews, and evangelical Christians. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Religious Demography 2 Status of Religious Freedom 3 Restrictions on Religious Freedom 4 Abuses of Religious Freedom 5 Societal Attitudes.
History of Iran - History of Iran Ancient history The ancient nation of Iran was historically known to the West as Persia until March 21, 1935 (see also History of Persia, History of Levant). Once a major empire in its own right, it has been overrun frequently and has had its territory altered throughout the centuries. Invaded by Arabs, Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and others--and often caught up in the affairs of larger powers--Iran has always reasserted its national identity and has developed as a distinct political and cultural entity. Archeological findings have placed knowledge of Iranian prehistory at middle paleolithic times (100,000 years ago). The earliest sedentary cultures date from 18,000-14,000 years ago. The sixth millennium BC saw a fairly sophisticated agricultural society and proto-urban population centers. Many dynasties have ruled.
U.S.-Iran relations - U.S.-Iran relations In 1953, Iran's nationalist Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh began a period of rapid power consolidation, which eventually led to his exiling of Iran's constitutional monarch, the Shah. The United States and Britain, through a now-admitted covert operation of the CIA, helped organize protests to overthrow Moussadeq and return the Shah to Iran. After his return, Iran's fledgling attempts at democracy quickly descended into dictatorship as the Shah dismantled the constitutional limitations on his office and began to rule as an absolute monarch. During his regin, the Shah received significant American support, frequently making state visits to the White House and earning praise from numerous American Presidents. The Shah's close ties to Washington and his bold agenda of rapidly Westernizing of Iran soon began to.
Foreign relations of Iran - Foreign relations of Iran In Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini's revolutionary regime initiated sharp changes from the foreign policy pursued by the Shah, particularly in reversing the country's orientation toward the West. In the Middle East, Iran's only significant ally has been Syria, but Iran has made great strides in improving relations with its Gulf neighbors, particularly Saudi Arabia. Iran's regional goals are dominated by wanting to establish a leadership role, curtail the presence of the United States and other outside powers, and build trade ties. In broad terms, Iran's "Islamic foreign policy" emphasizes: Vehement anti-U.S. and anti-Israel stances; Eliminating outside influence in the region; Support for Muslim political movements abroad; and A great increase in diplomatic contacts with developing countries. Despite these guidelines, however, bilateral relations are frequently confused.
Iran-Iraq War - Iran-Iraq War The Iran-Iraq War (or First Persian Gulf War) was a border war between Iran and Iraq which lasted from September 22, 1980 until August 20, 1988. This war was commonly known as the Persian Gulf War until the Iraq-Kuwait Conflict (1990-91), which became known as the Second Gulf War and later simply the Gulf War. The conflict had a number of causes. Iran and Iraq in 1975 had signed the Algiers Treaty regulating their relations, but the new regime installed in Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution did not follow the treaty. Most problematic to the Iraqis was Iran allowing Kurdish guerillas to operate from its territory. The conflict was also occasioned by Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's desire for full control of the Shatt.
Iranian monarchy - the centuries, from the days of Persia to the creation of what is now modern day Iran. The hereditary ruler of the Iranian monarchy was the Shah, who according to royal order of precedence, was equal in status to an Emperor. For most of its existence the Iranian monarchy had been an absolute monarchy, although there were attempts to reform it into a constitutional monarchy in the early twentieth century and following World War II. The modern Iranian monarchy was established in 1502 after the Safavid Dynasty came to power under Shah Ismail I, and ended the so-called "fourth era" of political fragmentation. The monarchy was abolished in 1979 when a revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini forced Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi into exile, and established an Islamic Republic in its place..
Iran hostage crisis - Iran hostage crisis The Iran hostage crisis was the events following the seizure of the US embassy in Tehran on November 4 1979, a crisis that lasted over a year until January 20 1981. Iran's new dictator, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini instigated the crisis when on November 1, 1979 he urged his people to demonstrate on November 4 and to expand attacks on United States and Israeli interests. The embassy was seized by a mob of around 500 Iranian students (although reported numbers vary from 300 to 2000), calling themselves the Imam's Disciples, part of a crowd of thousands gathered around the embassy in protest. The 90 occupants of the embassy were held and the 66 Americans were made prisoners. During the riot, six Americans escaped during.
Iranian revolution - The Iranian Revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed Iran from an autocratic pro-west monarchy under the Shah to a Islamic theocracy under the rule of Ayatollah Khomeini. See the section in History of Iran for more details. Perhaps one of the revolution's best-known results was a complete breakdown in American-Iranian relations, leading to the Iran hostage crisis..
Flag of Iran - Flag of Iran The current flag of Iran was adopted on July 29, 1980, and is a reflection of the changes brought to Iran by the Islamic Revolution. The basic set-up of the flag consists of three bands, green for Islam, white for peace, and red for courage. This basic setup has been used since the beginning of the century and also existed on the flags of the Shah's Iran. However, during the time of the Shahs, the center of the flag had an image of a lion with a sword, which is a classical symbol of Persia. Since the Islamic Revolution, this has been replaced with by a symbol which has many meanings, but that is essentially a stylized form of the word Allah. The symbol.
Demographics of Iran - Demographics of Iran More than two-thirds of Iran's people are of Aryan origin--their ancestors migrated from Central Asia. The major groups in this category include Persians, Kurds, Lurs, and Baluchi. The remainder are primarily Turkic but also include Arabs, Armenians, Jews, and Assyrians. The 1979 Islamic revolution and the war with Iraq transformed Iran's class structure politically, socially, and economically. In general, however, Iranian society remains divided into urban, market-town, village, and tribal groups. Clerics, called mullahs, dominate politics and nearly all aspects of Iranian life, both urban and rural. After the fall of the Pahlavi regime in 1979, much of the urban upper class of prominent merchants, industrialists, and professionals, favored by the former Shah, lost standing and influence to the senior clergy and their supporters..
Bushehr - 132,824 (1991), is a city on the southwestern coast of Iran, facing the Persian Gulf, and the chief seaport of the country. Location is 28° 59’ N, 50° 49’ E, about 400 km south of Tehran. The local climate is hot and humid. Bushehr was founded in 1736 by Nadir Shah, and used as a base by the British Royal Navy in the 18th century. It became an important commercial port in the 19th century. Bushehr was occupied by British forces in 1856, and again in 1915, the second time due to German intriguing, most notably by Wilhelm Wassmuss. Industries include fishing and a thermoelectric power plant, while the inland area (also called Bushehr) produces Shiraz wine, metalwork, rugs and other textiles, cement, and fertilizer. The Iranian navy has a base.
