August 2003 - - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for August, 2003. See also: Afghanistan timeline August 2003 California recall Dodgy Dossier Columbia investigation EU enlargement Hong Kong Basic Law Hutton Inquiry Liberian crisis North Korea crisis Occupation of Iraq: Timeline Road map for peace Same-sex marriage SARS: Timeline SCO v. IBM Linux lawsuit US v. EU on GM food US-Canada blackout War on Terrorism August 31, 2003 Tens of thousands of people turn out in Baghdad for the funeral procession of the murdered Shia Muslim leader Ayatollah Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim. [1] The Iraqi police handling the investigation say they have arrested 19 men in connection with the blast, many of them foreigners and all with admitted links to al-Qaeda. [1] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
September 2003 - - December A timeline of events in the news for September, 2003. See Also: U.S. Presidential Election Iraq timeline Afghanistan timeline September 2003 California recall Hutton Inquiry Liberian crisis North Korea crisis Road map for peace Same-sex marriage'' SCO vs IBM War on Terrorism September 30, 2003 Air France and KLM are completing their merger. Alitalia could be a part of the new big airline. [1] EU Agriculture Commissioner, Franz Fischler urged EU ministers to lift the ban on GMO food, as the EU risks facing legal challenges by the US and other countries at the World Trade Organization. [1] Russia stalls on signing the Kyoto Protocol, the international treaty to reduce global warming. Kyoto Protocol supporters in the EU react with consternation to Russia's decision. [1] EU foreign affairs ministers.
Manhattan Project - civilian instead of military targets has often been criticized. However, the U.S. already had a policy of massive incendiary attacks against civilian targets in Japan. These dropped 20% explosives, to break up wooden structures and provide fuel, and then dropped 80% (by weight) small incendiary bombs to set the cities on fire. The resulting raids completely destroyed many Japanese cities, including Tokyo, even before atomic weapons were deployed. The allies performed such attacks because Japanese industry was extremely dispersed among civilian targets, with many tiny family-owned factories operating in the midst of civilian housing. see also: nuclear weapon, nuclear weapon design, isotope separation, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Hanford Site, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Trinity site History In the years between World War I and World War II,.
Phelsuma - (scales) serraticauda: witha serrated tail standingi: after Mr. Standing sumptio:1) from Assumption (island), 2) from sumptuous (posture, build) sundbergi: after Mr. H. Sundberg trilineata: with three stripes umbrae: shaded v-nigra: with a black V(-marking) venusta: sweet vinsoni: after Mr. J. Vinson & J.M. Vinson References Abbott, W. L. (1893) Notes on the Natural History of Aldabra, Assumption and Glorioso Islands Indian Ocean.;Proc. Nat. Mus. Washington;XVI 973: 759-764. Akker, W. G. van der (1966) Reisindrukken van Madagascar.;Lacerta;24: 90-93. Akker, W. G. van der (1982) Vindplaats notities over Phelsuma ornata ornata.;Lacerta;40(4) blz 63-65. American Soc. Icht. Herp., Nomenclature Committee (1967) Comment on the propossed addition of Phelsuma ornatum GRAY, 1825 to the oficial index Z.N. (S.) 1752. Bull. zool. Nomenclature (London), 24(?): 208. Anderson, L. G. (1906) Reptiles and Batrachians from north-west of.
Los Alamos National Laboratory - Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory, managed by the University of California located in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The Laboratory is one of the largest multidisciplinary institutions in the world. It is the largest institution and the largest employer in northern New Mexico with approximately 6,800 University of California employees plus approximately 2,800 contractor personnel. The annual budget is approximately $1.2 billion. Approximately one-third of the Laboratory's technical staff members are physicists, one-fourth are engineers, one-sixth are chemists and materials scientists, and the remainder work in mathematics and computational science, biological science, geoscience, and other disciplines. Professional scientists and students also come to Los Alamos as visitors to participate in scientific projects. The staff collaborates with universities.
Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field Laboratory Contamination - Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field Laboratory Contamination The neutrality of this entry is disputed. The Rocketdyne Worker UCLA Epidemiological Study of employees at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Canoga Park, and Chatsworth Facilities, located within Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, of Southern California, concludes that workplace radiation is responsible for more than one quarter of Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field Lab worker deaths, (27.3%). SSFL is an open field lab and the testing areas consist of non-contained nuclear, rocket, and missile testing facilities. According to the report, the cancers and illnesses which killed the SSFL workers were caused by cumulative exposure to low-level radiation at the work site(s). The study evaluated 4,607 Rocketdyne and Atomics International employees, (AI), which was a division of, and merged with Rocketdyne, during 1984. Los Angeles Cancer.
Nth Country Experiment - an experiment which began in May of 1964 and was conducted at the Livermore Radiation Lab in order to see if a few capable young physicists with no prior weapons experience would be able to develop a working nuclear weapon design using only unclassified research, and basic computational and technical support. The experiment ended on April 10, 1967, after only three man-years of work over 2 and a half calendar years. It was deemed by weapons experts that the team had come up with a credible design for the technically more challenging implosion style nuclear weapon. It is likely that they would have been able to design a simpler gun combination weapon even more quickly. Due to the increased amount of publicly available resources regarding nuclear weapons, it is reasonable to.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, managed by the University of California, in Livermore, California. The Laboratory describes its purpose: "to promote innovation in the design of our nation's nuclear stockpile through creative science and engineering." The laboratories field of research has expanded to include general energy issues, as well as biomedicine and environmental science. The institute was founded in September 1952 as part of the University of California Radiation Laboratory, in order to design nuclear weapons; the laboratory was first proposed (unofficially in 1949, officially on April 4, 1951) by Edward Teller, of the Los Alamos Nuclear Weapons Laboratory, and further promoted by Ernest Lawrence, of the Manhattan Project. The laboratory project was begun under.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL overlooking the Berkeley central campus and San Francisco Bay (Image of old Berkeley Radiation Laboratory) The Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), formerly the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory and usually shortened to Berkeley Lab is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory in Berkeley, California conducting unclassified scientific research. It is managed and owned by the University of California. The site consists of 76 buildings located on 183 acres on the hills of the University of California, Berkeley campus. Altogether, it has some 4,000 employees, of which about 800 are students. Each year, the Lab also hosts more than 2,000 participating guests. The Laboratory includes 15 divisions that are organized within the areas of Computing Sciences, Energy Sciences, Biosciences, General Sciences, and Resources and.
Hanford Site - corridor for other uses, transitioning the central plateau to long-term waste treatment and storage, and preparing for the future. The Uranium Committee of the federal Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) decided to sponsor an intensive research project on plutonium, the strange new substance that had been isolated in a University of California Laboratory only nine months earlier. The OSRD placed the contract with the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory (Met Lab). In the same month as the Battle of Midway, the Army Corps of Engineers formed the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) to construct industrial-size plants to manufacture the plutonium and uranium being investigated by Met Lab scientists. Six months later, just three days before Christmas 1942, as the nostalgic wartime song "White Christmas" was hitting Number One on the.
Gamma ray burster - of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Discovery of GRBs 2 Pinpointing a Burster: GRB 970228 3 Caught in the Act: GRB 990123 4 What is a GRB? 5 Closing in on the Answer 5.1 See also 5.2 References The Discovery of GRBs Cosmic gamma-ray bursts were discovered in the late 1960s by the US "Vela" nuclear test detection satellites. The Velas were launched to detect radiation emitted by weapons tests, but they picked up occasional bursts of gamma rays from unknown sources. While the sensors on the Vela satellites had low angular resolution, in 1973 researchers at the US Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico were able to use the data from the satellites to determine that the bursts came from deep space. Gamma ray bursts can only be observed directly.
Ronald N. Bracewell - the Lewis M. Terman Professor of Electrical Engineering, Emeritus of the Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory at Stanford University. Ronald Newbold Bracewell was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1921, and educated at Sydney Boys High School. He graduated from the University of Sydney in 1941 with the B.Sc. degree in mathematics and physics, later receiving the degrees of B.E. (1943), and M.E. (1948) with first class honors. During World War II he designed and developed microwave radar equipment in the Radiophysics Laboratory of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Sydney under the direction of J.L. Pawsey and E.G. Bowen and from 1946 to 1949 was a research student at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, engaged in ionospheric research in the Cavendish Laboratory, where he received his Ph.D. degree in physics under.
Medicine - contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History of medicine 2 Medical sciences and medical professions 2.1 Basic, supplementary and related sciences 2.2 Diagnostic and imaging specialties 2.3 Disciplines of clinical medicine 3 Teaching of medicine 4 Legal restrictions 5 Institutions in medicine 6 Related topics 7 See also 8 Entries not yet sorted History of medicine History of medicine -- Timeline of medicine and medical technology Museums & Collections of Health & Medicine Medical sciences and medical professions Medicine has both its foundational sciences, and specialized branches dealing with particular organs or diseases. The foundational sciences of medicine frequently overlap with other areas of science (such as veterinary science, biology or chemistry). The primary medical professions are those of physicians and surgeons. Both professions have many specializations and subspecializations (see below). Dentistry and clinical.
Julian Schwinger - work on quantum electrodynamics (QED). Schwinger was born in New York City, attended the City College of New York as an undergraduate, and received his doctorate from Columbia University in 1939 where he studied under I.I. Rabi. He worked at the University of California, Berkeley and was later appointed to a position at Purdue University. During World War II Schwinger worked at the Radiation Laboratory at MIT, providing theoretical support for the development of radar. During this time, Schwinger began to apply his understanding of radiation to quantum physics. After the war, Schwinger left Purdue for Harvard University, where he taught from 1945 to 1974. He married in 1947. During this time, he developed the concept of renormalization, which explained the Lamb shift in an electron's magnetic field. He also realized,.
IBM 7030 - computer in the world from 1961 until 1964! Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Development History 2 Customer Deliveries 3 External Links Development History In May, 1955 IBM lost a bid on a high-performance decimal computer system for the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, California. Univac, the dominant computer manufacturer at the time, had won the contract for LARC, the Livermore Automatic Research Computer. In September, 1955 fearing that Los Alamos might also order a LARC, IBM submitted a preliminary proposal for a high-performance binary computer, which they received with interest. In January, 1956, Project Stretch was formally initiated. In November, 1956 IBM won the contract for a binary computer with the aggressive performance goal of a "speed at least 100 times the IBM 704" to the Los Alamos Scientific.
Herbert York - barely three years out of graduate school, he served as the University of California Livermore Radiation Laboratory's first Director. Since leaving the Lab in 1958, he has held numerous positions in both government and academia, including Chief Scientist of the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Director of Defense Department Research and Engineering, Professor of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and Chancellor of the University of California, San Diego. He is currently Director Emeritus of the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation at UC San Diego and serves as chairman of the university's Scientific and Academic Advisory Committee, which oversees activities at both Livermore and Los Alamos National Laboratories..
Fermium - actinide series, Fermium was identified by Albert Ghiorso and co-workers in 1952 in the debris from a thermonuclear explosion in the Pacific during work involving the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The isotope produced was the 20-hour 255Fm. During 1953 and early 1954, while discovery of elements 99 and 100 was withheld from publication for security reasons, a group from the Nobel Institute of Physics in Stockholm bombarded 238U with 16O ions, and isolated a 30-min alpha-emitter, which they ascribed to 250-100, without claiming discovery of the element. This isotope has since been identified positively, and the 30-min half-life confirmed. Properties The chemical properties of fermium have been studied solely with tracer amounts. In normal aqueous media, only the (III) oxidation state appears.
Edward Teller - Horthy's regime) and received his higher education in Germany. He graduated in chemical engineering at Karlsruhe and received his Ph.D. in physics under Werner Heisenberg in 1930 at the University of Leipzig. He spent two years at the University of Göttingen and left Germany in 1934 through the aid of the Jewish Rescue Committee. He went briefly to England and moved for a year to Copenhagen, where he worked under Niels Bohr. In February 1934, he married *Mici* (Augusta Maria) Harkanyi, the sister of a longtime friend. In 1935, Teller emigrated to the United States, serving as a Professor of Physics at the George Washington University until 1941, where he met George Gamow. Prior to 1939, and the announcement to the scientific community of the discovery of fission, Teller was engaged.
Edwin McMillan - to produce a transuranium element. He was born in Redondo Beach, California. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1928 and his Master of Science degree in 1929, both from the California Institute of Technology; he then took his Doctor of Philosophy from Princeton University in 1932. He joined the staff of the University of California, Berkeley upon receiving his doctorate, moving to the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory when it was founded at Berkeley in 1934. In 1940 he created neptunium ising the cyclotron at Berkeley. In World War II, he was involved in research on radar, sonar, and nuclear weapons. In 1945 he developed ideas for the improvement of the cyclotron, leading to the development of the synchrotron. With Glenn T. Seaborg, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in.
Emilio G. Segrč - the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics for "their discovery of the antiproton." He was born in Tivoli, Italy and enrolled in the University of Rome as an engineering student. He switched to physics in 1927 and earned his doctorate in 1928, having studied under Enrico Fermi. After a stint in the Italian Army from 1928 and 1929, he worked with Otto Stern in Hamburg and Pieter Zeeman in Amsterdam as a Rockefeller Foundation fellow in 1930. Segre was appointed assistant professor of physics at the University of Rome in 1932 and served until 1936. From 1936 to 1938 he was Director of the Physics Laboratory at the University of Palermo. There, he discovered technetium, the first artificially synthesized chemical element which does not naturally occur. Segre, as a Jew, was dismissed.
